EMERGING INFECTIOUS RNA VIRUSES: is recombination an emergence driver?
Palavras-chave:
Emerging, re-emerging diseases, driving factors, recombination, RNA virusesResumo
As doenças infecciosas emergentes constituem um grande problema de saúde pública e na sua maioria estão associadas a vírus ARN. Factores relacionados com o surgimento das infecções patogênicas emergentes/reemergentes são generalizados para todos os tipos de patógenos. Consequentemente, a maior parte da pesquisa actual pouco reconhece o impacto da recombinação viral como um dos factores principais para o surgimento e evolução de vírus com ARN. Esta revisão descreve alguns dos factores associados à doenças infecciosas emergentes/reemergentes actualmente reconhecidos e avalia o impacto dos problemas de saúde que advém da recombinação de vírus ARN. Após uma extensa revisão da literatura, os factores relacionados com a emergência foram categorizados de acordo com a força de sua associação com a adaptação aos vírus ARN, e também foram categorizados em relação ao papel que desempenham na transmissão do vírus. Problemas de saúde associados a evolução e diversidade de patógenos, e as mudanças no uso da terra foram fortemente ligadas à recombinação dos vírus ARN, enquanto as viagens internacionais e o comércio internacional foram intimamente ligados à disseminação dos vírus ARN e outros patógenos. A recombinação dentro e entre genomas de vírus tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida como um dos principais impulsionadores da evolução dos vírus. Este estudo apoia a visão de que a evolução e a diversidade de patógenos, juntamente com as mudanças no uso da terra, têm um papel importante na emergência/reemergencia de doenças associadas aos vírus ARN. O mesmo não aconteceu com as viagens e o comércio internacional, que são mais responsáveis por sustentar ou disseminar uma infecção já estabelecida. As combinações dos factores não foram examinados, mas é provável que algumas também tenham impacto na recombinação viral, embora a extensão disso possa variar de acordo com o vírus específico que está sendo estudado. Estudos posteriores poderão abordar esse aspecto.
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